Users’ Trust Evolvement in Fully Driverless Robotaxis During First Ride: An On-Road Study

Zhenyu Wang, Weiyin Xie, Haolong Hu, Xiang Chang, Meng Sun, Dengbo He, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Guangzhou Maritime University, HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Published online on February 04, 2026

Abstract

Human Factors, Volume 68, Issue 6, Page 788-805, June 2026.
ObjectiveThis study investigates how users’ trust evolves during their first ride in a fully driverless robotaxi and how it can be affected by user characteristics, system design, and traffic scenarios.BackgroundAs driving automation technology matures, ...