Comparing Paper- and AR-Based Assembly Manuals in Task Performance, dlPFC Hemodynamic Responses, and Perceived Workload

Jungmin Ryu, Philjun Moon, Kitae Hwang, Sojeong Yoon, Yoonjin Lee, Qinghua Piao, Jin-Hyuck Park, Woojin Park, Seoul National University, South Korea, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea, Institute for Industrial Systems Innovation, Seoul National University, South Korea

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Published online on April 06, 2026

Abstract

Human Factors, Ahead of Print.
ObjectiveThis study comparatively evaluated three assembly manual types (traditional paper-based, user-fixed AR, and world-fixed AR) in terms of task performance, dlPFC hemodynamic responses, and perceived workload.BackgroundPrior studies of AR and ...