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Participant observation in the 21st century: How the digital dimension matters for all ethnographers

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Qualitative Research

Published online on

Abstract

Qualitative Research, Volume 26, Issue 2, Page 457-477, April 2026.
Scholarship on participant observation in the digital era has produced a proliferation of labels—virtual ethnography, digital ethnography, and netnography, among others—that often position digitally attuned methods as specialized departures from ...