Forced Science: A Critical Appraisal of the Scientific Rigor of ‘Force Science’ Policing Research
Published online on July 07, 2025
Abstract
Police Quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 2, Page 159-197, June 2026.
Courts regularly rely on scientific expert testimony in police use-of-force cases, and the Force Science Institute (FSI)—a private, for-profit entity—has emerged as an important source of purportedly scientific principles shaping police training, policies,...
Courts regularly rely on scientific expert testimony in police use-of-force cases, and the Force Science Institute (FSI)—a private, for-profit entity—has emerged as an important source of purportedly scientific principles shaping police training, policies,...