Constrained voice and complicated loyalty: Understanding reasons to leave or stay working in the probation service
Criminology & Criminal Justice
Published online on December 01, 2025
Abstract
Criminology & Criminal Justice, Ahead of Print.
This article examines the complex reasons why staff choose to remain in or leave the Probation Service in England and Wales, using Hirschman’s Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVL-N) framework as an analytical lens. In the context of major systemic reforms, ...
This article examines the complex reasons why staff choose to remain in or leave the Probation Service in England and Wales, using Hirschman’s Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVL-N) framework as an analytical lens. In the context of major systemic reforms, ...