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Public spaces protection orders and the policing of sub-criminal behaviour

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Punishment & Society

Published online on

Abstract

Punishment & Society, Volume 28, Issue 2, Page 287-305, April 2026.
Public spaces protection orders (PSPOs) are civil powers used to regulate anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Since their introduction in 2014, concerns have persisted about their disproportionate application against vulnerable populations, ...