["International Finance, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis paper examines the drivers and impacts of extreme capital flow events in emerging markets, with a focus on distinguishing among flow types (portfolio, bank and FDI) and event categories (surge vs. stop). We find that the global financial cycle drives extreme events in portfolio and bank flows, while FDI is more sensitive to domestic factors. Notably, sudden stops in cross‐border capital flows, particularly in bank and FDI flows, have a greater impact on the overall risk interconnectedness of domestic financial submarkets compared to surge events. We also identify the transmission channels: extreme bank flow events increase credit market net risk spillovers, while concurrent extreme capital flow events heighten foreign exchange market net risk spillovers. Further discussion shows that foreign exchange sales and macroprudential policies mitigate the adverse effects of negative global financial cycle shocks, with macroprudential measures demonstrating stronger effectiveness in the medium term.\n"]