["Child &Family Social Work, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nResearch on families experiencing complex and multiple problems (FECMP) has been dominated by a problem‐centred perspective and a focus on individual (i.e., single) risk factors. This case file study extends previous work by mapping (1) the nature and prevalence of individual problems and protective factors, (2) their accumulation and (3) possible hierarchical order in a clinical sample of families referred to an inpatient trauma‐focused family treatment program. We analysed the intake forms of 53 families using qualitative content analysis and the Mokken scale analysis (MSA) to explore the hierarchical nature of problems and protective factors. We used an ecological–transactional model to describe family functioning in seven domains: (1) child, (2) parent, (3) child‐rearing, (4) family, (5) context, (6) social network and (7) mental health care. We found that for most families, professionals described a wide range of problems, as well as protective factors, in all seven domains. In addition, the MSA revealed a hierarchy of child problems, suggesting that less frequently described child problems (e.g., physical problems) are likely to co‐occur with more frequently described problems (e.g., cognitive, emotional and behavioural problems). Our findings suggest the importance of a transgenerational, trauma‐focused and strengths‐based approach to research and work with FECMP.\n"]