MetaTOC stay on top of your field, easily

--- - "\n\nEnsuring that practitioners are competent in the therapies they deliver is important for training, therapeutic outcomes and ethical practice. The development of the Systemic Practice Scale (SPS) is reported – a measure to assess the competence of students as trialed by Children and Young Person's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP‐IAPT) training courses. Initial reliability assessment of the SPS with twenty‐eight supervisors of systemic practice evaluating students’ competence using an online recording of a family therapy session is detailed. The SPS was found to be a reliable measure of systemic competence across training settings. Rating variability was noted, with training and benchmarking to improve rating consistency recommended. Further research using the SPS to further establish the reliability and validity of the scale is required.\n\n\nPractitioner points\n\n\n\nSPS represents an important tool, particularly for the supervision and development of more junior staff or students\n\nInitial reliability for use of the SPS as a formative tool has been established. Further benchmarking is required if using the tool in a summative manner \n\n\n\n" - Journal of Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Substantial research supports bidirectional links between intimate relationship discord and individual psychopathology, including depressive symptoms. However, few studies have utilized daily diary methods to capture the micro‐level processes underlying the association between couple discord and depression, particularly among populations that are at elevated risk for both interpersonal and individual dysfunction. To address this gap, we examined whether daily changes in satisfaction with relationship functioning were associated with daily changes in negative affect and positive affect over the span of 2 weeks among mental health outpatients of low socioeconomic status. Participants were 53 low‐income outpatients from community mental health clinics who completed a semi‐structured interview about the quality of their intimate relationships followed by 14 daily reports of positive and negative mood and satisfaction with relationship functioning across several domains. Growth curve analytic techniques revealed the hypothesized bidirectional relations. Decline in satisfaction with relationship functioning predicted escalation in negative affect and deterioration in positive affect over 2 weeks, and deterioration of mood predicted declining satisfaction with relationship functioning. This study extends existing knowledge about couple dysfunction and individual psychopathology by highlighting the immediate nature of this dynamic process as it unfolds over time. Resumen Gran cantidad de investigaciones respaldan las conexiones bidreccionales entre los desacuerdos en las relaciones afectivas y la psicopatología individual, incluidos los síntomas depresivos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han utilizado los métodos de registro diario para captar los procesos a pequeñísima escala que subyacen a la asociación entre el desacuerdo entre las parejas y la depresión, particularmente entre poblaciones que tienen un riesgo elevado de disfunción interpersonal e individual. Para abordar esta brecha, analizamos si los cambios diarios en la satisfacción con el funcionamiento de la relación estuvieron asociados con los cambios diarios en el afecto negativo y el afecto positivo durante el periodo de dos semanas entre los pacientes ambulatorios de salud mental de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Los participantes fueron 53 pacientes ambulatorios de bajos ingresos de clínicas comunitarias de salud mental que se sometieron a una entrevista semiestructurada acerca de la calidad de sus relaciones afectivas seguida de 14 informes diarios de estado de ánimo positivo y negativo y de satisfacción con el funcionamiento de la relación en varias áreas. Las técnicas analíticas de la curva de crecimiento revelaron las relaciones bidireccionales planteadas como hipótesis. La disminución de la satisfacción con el funcionamiento de la relación predijo un aumento del afecto negativo y un deterioro del afecto positivo durante dos semanas, y el deterioro del estado de ánimo predijo una disminución de la satisfacción con el funcionamiento de la relación. Conclusiones: Este estudio amplía el conocimiento existente sobre la disfunción en la pareja y la psicopatología individual destacando la índole inmediata de este proceso dinámico a medida que se desarrolla poco a poco con el tiempo. 摘要 大量研究支持亲密关系不和谐以及个人精神病理学之间的双向关联,包括抑郁症状。然而,很少有研究使用每日日记方法来捕捉伴侣不和谐以及抑郁症之间联系的潜在微观过程,特别是在人际和个人功能紊乱高危人群中间。为了填补这一空白,我们在为期两周的时间里考察了低社会经济地位的精神健康门诊患者中关系功能满意度每日变化是否和积极和消极情感每日变化相关。参与者是53位来自社区精神健康门诊的低收入门诊患者。这些患者完成了一项关于亲密关系质量的办结构化采访,并后续完成了14份关于各方面积极和消极情绪以及亲密关系满意度的每日报告。成长曲线分析技术显示了假设的双向关系。在为期两周内,关系功能满意度的降低预测消极情绪升级以及积极情绪恶化,而情绪恶化预期关系功能满意度的降低。结论是:该研究通过强调该动态过程随时间发展的即时性扩展了关于伴侣功能紊乱以及个人精神病理学的已有知识。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 For many, binge drinking behaviors start early and become a persistent pattern of use throughout the lifespan. In an effort to strengthen understanding of etiology, this study considered the mechanisms from the self‐medication hypothesis and family socialization theory. The goal was to identify whether emotional distress is a potential shared mechanism that accounts for the development of binge drinking in different developmental periods. This study used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) dataset to examine binge drinking across time for n = 9,421 participants ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 15.39, SD = 1.62) at Wave I and ranging from 24 to 32 (M = 28.09, SD = 1.61) at Wave IV of the study. Using an autoregressive cross‐lagged model, I examined how parent‐child closeness, depressive symptoms, and binge drinking were related over three developmental periods. In examining cross‐sectional and longitudinal relations, depressive symptoms were significantly related to binge drinking more often than parent‐child closeness; however, results indicated the self‐medication model may primarily account for concurrent drinking behaviors rather than long‐term. The family socialization theory was indicated to account for some variability above and beyond the self‐medication hypothesis. No indirect association between binge drinking and the parent‐child relationship was detected through depressive symptoms, failing to support a shared mechanism between the two theories. The results provide support for a multifaceted assessment process for substance using clients, and support the use of Multisystemic Family Therapy, Multidimensional Family Therapy, and perhaps Attachment‐Based Family Therapy. Resumen Para muchos, las conductas de consumo de alcohol compulsivo comienzan temprano y se convierten en un patrón de uso persistente durante toda la vida. En un esfuerzo para fortalecer el entendimiento de la etiología, este estudio consideró los mecanismos desde el punto de vista de la hipótesis de automedicación y la teoría de socialización familiar. La meta fue identificar si la angustia emocional es un posible mecanismo compartido que explica el desarrollo de consumo de alcohol compulsivo en periodos de desarrollo distintos. Este estudio empleó el conjunto de datos del Estudio Longitudinal Nacional de Salud de Adolescentes a Adultos (conocido como Add Health) para examinar el consumo de alcohol compulsivo a lo largo del tiempo para n = 9.421 participantes con edades de 11 a 18 (M = 15.39, DE = 1.62) en la Fase I y de 24 a 32 (M = 28.09, DE = 1.61) en la Fase IV del estudio. Usando un modelo autorregresivo de correlaciones cruzadas, examiné como la cercanía padre‐hijo, los síntomas depresivos y el consumo de alcohol compulsivo se relacionaban a lo largo de tres periodos de desarrollo. En un examen de relaciones transversales y longitudinales, los síntomas depresivos se asociaron significativamente al consumo de alcohol compulsivo con mayor frecuencia que la cercanía padre‐hijo; sin embargo, los resultados indicaron que el modelo de automedicación podría ser una explicación principal de conductas concurrentes de consumo de alcohol en vez de a largo plazo. La teoría de socialización familiar se indicó con miras a explicar cierta variabilidad más allá de la hipótesis de automedicación. No se detectó ninguna asociación indirecta entre el consumo de alcohol compulsivo y la relación padre‐hijo a través de síntomas depresivos, lo que no proporciona apoyo a un mecanismo compartido entre las dos teorías. Los resultados proporcionan apoyo a un proceso de evaluación multifacética para clientes consumidores de sustancias, y apoya el uso de Terapia Familiar Multisistémica, Terapia Familiar Multidimensional, y quizás Terapia Familiar Basada en Apegos. 摘要 对很多人来说,暴饮行为很早便开始,并且在一生中形成持续使用模式。为了加强对暴饮病因学上的理解,该研究考虑了自我用药假设和家庭社会化理论的机制,目的在于确定情绪困扰是否是解释不通发展阶段暴饮发展的潜在共同机制。该研究使用国家青少年到成年期健康纵向研究数据组来考察9421名参与者,其中第一阶段年龄在11到18岁(M = 15.39, SD = 1.62),第三阶段年龄在24到32岁间(M = 28.09, SD = 1.61)。使用自动递减模型,我考察了家长‐儿童亲密度,抑郁症状,以及暴饮是如何在三个发展时期相关联。在考察横向和纵向关系时,抑郁症状比家长‐孩子亲密度和暴饮有更经常的显著联系。然而,结果显示自我用药模型可能主要解释同期发生的而不是长期饮酒行为。结果还表明家庭社会化理论解释一些超出自我用药假设的变量。暴饮和家长‐孩子关系之间没有通过抑郁症状的必然联系,从而不能支持两个理论之间的共同机制。结果为药物滥用患者多方面评估过程提供支持,并支持使用多系统家庭心理治疗,多维度家庭心理治疗,和依恋为基础的家庭心理治疗。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 School context serves as a testing ground for exploring social relationships and satisfying needs for connection and affirmation, but often includes feelings of rejection. With a diverse high school sample (n = 645; 55% female; 61% White, 18% African American, 10% Latino, 10% Asian American, 1% Multiracial), patterns of experiences with marginalization and connection were identified and their associations with achievement and mental health examined. Using two‐step cluster analysis, three clusters were identified: above the fray, exposed and protected, and targeted and unsupported. Ethnic/racial background was not related to cluster membership. Except for gender and well‐being, associations between cluster membership and outcomes were similar across demographic background. The above the fray and the exposed and protected clusters were associated with better outcomes. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 This study examined the effects of observation‐based supervision Building Outcomes with Observation‐Based Supervision of Therapy (BOOST therapists = 26, families = 105), versus supervision as usual (SAU therapists = 21, families = 59) on (a) youth externalizing behavior problems and (b) the moderating effects of changes in family functioning on youth externalizing behaviors for adolescents receiving Functional Family Therapy (FFT). Exploratory analyses examined the impact of supervision conditions on youth internalizing problems. In 8 community agencies, experienced FFT therapists (M = 1.4 years) received either BOOST or SAU supervision in a quasi‐experimental design. Male (59%) or female (41%) adolescents were referred for the treatment of behavior problems (e.g., delinquency, substance use). Clients were Hispanic (62%), African American (19%), Non‐Hispanic White (12%), or Other (7%) ethnic/racial origins. Therapists (female, 77%) were Hispanic 45%, African American (19%), White Non‐Hispanic (30%), or other (4%) ethnic/racial backgrounds. Analyses controlled for the presence or absence of clinically elevated symptoms on outcome variables. Clinical outcomes were measured at baseline, 5 months, and 12 months after treatment initiation. Clients with externalizing behavior above clinical thresholds had significantly greater reductions in problem behaviors in the BOOST versus the SAU conditions. Clients below thresholds did not respond differentially to conditions. Supervisors in BOOST had more experience with the FFT model; as such, the observed results may be a result of supervisor experience. The BOOST supervision was associated with improved outcomes on problem behaviors that were above clinical thresholds. The findings demonstrate the importance of addressing client case mix in implementation studies in natural environments. Este estudio examinó los efectos de la supervisión basada en la observación (terapeutas de BOOST = 26, familias = 105) frente a la supervisión habitual (terapeutas de SAU = 21, familias = 59) en (a) la externalización de problemas de conducta en los jóvenes y (b) los efectos moderadores de los cambios en el funcionamiento familiar sobre la externalización de conductas de los jóvenes en el caso de adolescentes que reciben terapia familiar funcional (FFT). Los análisis exploratorios analizaron el efecto de las condiciones de la supervisión en la internalización de problemas de los jóvenes. En 8 agencias comunitarias, terapeutas experimentados en FFT (M = 1,4 años) recibieron supervisión BOOST o SAU en un diseño cuasiexperimental. Se derivó a adolescentes masculinos (59%) o femeninos (41%) para el tratamiento de problemas conductuales (p. ej.: delincuencia, consumo de sustancias). Los pacientes eran hispanos (62%), afroamericanos (19%), blancos no hispanos (12%) o de otros orígenes étnicos o raciales (7%). Los terapeutas (femeninos, 77%) eran hispanos 45%, afroamericanos (19%), blancos no hispanos (30%) o de otros orígenes étnicos o raciales (4%). Los análisis tuvieron en cuenta la presencia o la ausencia de síntomas clínicamente elevados en los criterios de valoración. Se midieron las variables clínicas al inicio, a los 5 meses y 12 meses después del inicio del tratamiento. Resultados: Los pacientes con externalización del comportamiento por encima de los límites clínicos tuvieron reducciones considerablemente mayores de los comportamientos problemáticos en las condiciones de BOOST frente a las de SAU. Los pacientes por debajo de los límites no respondieron de forma diferencial a las condiciones. Los supervisores de BOOST tenían más experiencia con el modelo de FFT; por lo tanto, los resultados observados pueden ser el resultado de la experiencia de los supervisores. La supervisión BOOST estuvo asociada con mejores resultados en los comportamientos problemáticos que estaban por encima de los límites clínicos. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de abordar la variedad de casos de pacientes en la implementación de estudios en ambientes naturales. 该研究考察了以观察为基础的监督(BOOST 咨询师 = 26, 家庭 = 105)的效果和通常监督相比(SAU 咨询师 = 21, 家庭 = 59)对于a) 青少年外在化行为问题和b) 家庭功能中变化对于接受功能家庭心理咨询(FFT)的青少年外在化行为的调节效果。探究性分析考察了监督条件对于青少年内在化问题的影响。在8个社区机构中,有经验的FFT心理咨询师(M = 1.4 年)在一个准实验设计中接收BOOST或SAU监督。男性(59%)或女性(41%)青少年被推荐接受行为问题(例如,犯法,药物滥用)治疗。患者是西班牙裔(62%),非裔美籍(19%),非西班牙裔白人(12%)or其他族裔(7%)。咨询师(女性,77%)45%是西班牙裔,19%非裔美籍,30%非西班牙裔白人,4%其他族裔背景。分析控制结果变量上临床提升症状。我们在基线,治疗后5个月和12个月测量临床结果。外在化行为高于临床基准的患者在BOOST条件下问题行为比在SAU条件下明显减少。外在化行为低于临床基准的患者在两种条件下反应没有不同。BOOST监督者在FFT模型方面经验更多;因此,观察到的结果可能是监督者经验的结果。BOOST监督和高于临床基准的问题行为改进成果有关。研究发现表明探讨自然环境中不同性质病例实施研究的重要性。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Scene‐Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB‐PFT) is an innovative treatment used with troubled adolescents and their parents to improve family relationships and reduce adolescents’ problematic behavior. It integrates the principles of family therapy, psychodrama, and multiple‐family group methodology. This research is a pilot study to obtain empirical evidence on the SB‐PFT therapeutic process by gauging the perception of change of troubled adolescents and their parents, and assess the perceived helpfulness of its methodology and techniques. Ten multiple‐family intervention groups were drawn up, with 110 participants (63 adolescents and 47 parents), and we adopted a qualitative methodology with focus groups, using an inductive analysis of 290 active constructions of participant narratives. Concerning perception of change, the adolescents reported mainly gaining in social support, prosocial attitudes, keys to problem solving, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. The parents perceived improvement in social support, keys for educational practices, emotional well‐being, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. Regarding the perceived helpfulness of methodology and techniques, both adolescents and parents highlighted the usefulness of the group methodology for gaining social support, relativizing the problem, and expressing emotions. Additionally, participants referred to role‐playing and mirror techniques as the most useful techniques. In conclusion, this first study on SB‐PFT presents and describes its treatment for troubled adolescents and their parents. The participants’ positive perception of their personal and relational change after treatment should serve to promote further studies with quantitative methodology in order to verify the effectiveness of SB‐PFT treatment. La terapia familiar psicodramática basada en escenas (SB‐PFT, por sus siglas en inglés) es un tratamiento innovador usado con adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres para mejorar las relaciones familiares y disminuir el comportamiento problemático de los adolescentes. Integra los principios de la terapia familiar, del psicodrama y de la metodología grupal multifamiliar. Esta investigación es un estudio piloto para obtener conocimiento empírico sobre el proceso terapéutico de la SB‐PFT mediante la medición de la percepción de cambio de los adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres, y para evaluar la utilidad percibida de esta metodología y técnica. Se formaron diez grupos multifamiliares de intervención con 110 participantes (63 adolescentes y 47 padres), y adoptamos una metodología cualitativa con grupos focales utilizando un análisis inductivo de 290 construcciones activas de historias de los participantes. Con respecto a la percepción de cambio, los adolescentes informaron un aumento pricipalmente del apoyo social, de las actitudes prosociales, de las claves para resolver problemas y de la expresión de emociones debido al tratamiento. Los padres percibieron una mejora del apoyo social, de las claves para las prácticas educativas, del bienestar emocional y de la expresión de emociones debido al tratamiento. Con respecto a la utilidad percibida de la metodología y las técnicas, tanto los adolescentes como los padres destacaron la utilidad de la metodología de grupo para obtener apoyo social, relativizar el problema y expresar emociones. Además, los participantes se refirieron al juego de roles y a las técnicas del espejo como las más útiles. En resumen, este primer estudio sobre la SB‐PFT presenta y describe su tratamiento para adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres. La percepción positiva de los participantes de su cambio personal y relacional después del tratamiento debería servir para promover más estudios con una metodología cuantitativa a fin de verificar la eficacia del tratamiento con la SB‐PFT. 情景为基础的心理戏剧化家庭心理咨询(SB‐PFT) 是一项应用于帮助有困扰青少年及其家长改善家庭关系并减少青少年问题行为的创新性治疗方法。该方法整合了家庭心理咨询原则,心理戏剧以及多家庭小组方法。该研究是旨在通过测量有困扰青少年及其家长感知到的变化来获得关于SB‐PFT实证证据,并评估其方法和技巧感知到的有效性的试点研究。我们组织了共110名参与者(63名青少年和47名家长)的十个多家庭干预小组。我们对焦点小组采用定性方法,使用了一项针对参与者叙述290个活性建构的感应分析。关于对于变化的感知,青少年主要报告了得到社会支持,有益于社会的态度,由于治疗获得解决问题和表达情感的钥匙。由于治疗,家长感受到社会支持,教育做法,情感健康以及情绪表达的该进。关于对于方法和技巧感受到的帮助,青少年和家长都强调了小组方法对于获得社会支持,将问题相对化以及情感表达方面的有用性。此外,参与者认为角色扮演和镜面技巧最有效。结论是,第一个关于SB‐PFT的研究描述并提出针对有困扰青少年及其家长的治疗。参与者对于治疗后个人以及关系改变正面感知会促进更多为确定SB‐PFT治疗有效性的定量方法研究。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 A Trust Game was used to examine trust and reciprocity development in 12–18‐year‐old‐adolescents (N = 496), as findings have been conflicting and transitions in adolescence remain elusive. Furthermore, this study tested the roles of gender, risk, and individual differences in empathy, impulsivity, and antisocial tendencies in trust and reciprocity. Results indicate stability in trust and a decrease in reciprocity across adolescence, but also show that trust and reciprocity choices were influenced by risk, and that empathy mediated the age‐related decrease in reciprocity. Males trusted more than females, but there were no gender differences in reciprocity. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences and adolescents’ sensitivities to varying contexts in explaining trust and reciprocity development in adolescence. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 This study examined how open communication between spouses may buffer against discrimination experienced by Black–White couples. Results from 178 couples analyzed using a combination of common‐fate and actor–partner interdependence models, indicated that for Black partners, marital satisfaction was not contingent on the level of openness when experiences of couple discrimination were low. When experiences of couple discrimination were high, levels of marital satisfaction were maintained among partners who reported high openness and reduced among partners who reported low openness. Moderation effects were not found for White partners. The results suggest that because Black partners are more aware of and sensitized to discrimination, White partners’ abilities to attune to their partners’ needs for support could help enhance their relationships. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 As routine outcome monitoring systems develop, questions emerge about how therapists incorporate feedback into their practice, and how this relates to therapeutic gains. A case of covert grief was monitored in each session with the Personal Questionnaire and the Helpful Aspects of Therapy instruments. At 4 months follow‐up, the Change Interview was administered. Individualized items facilitated access to the private views and needs of each member, which was useful for case formulation and ongoing personalization of the intervention. Qualitative feedback of treatment experiences helped therapists confirm the impacts of interventions, monitor therapeutic alliance, reformulate clinical hypothesis, and plan sessions. Therapists followed a critical triangulation process to decide the clinical meaning of feedback, according to his/her intervention model, expertise, and case‐specific context. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The current exploratory study investigates which variables predict commitment among cisgender women currently in a relationship with a transgender‐identified partner. This study includes variables specific to gender diverse couples such as years in the relationship, amount of prior knowledge about transgender identity, and gender role beliefs. Also included are the general relationship factors of satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment size, and the outcome variable of commitment, as described in the Investment Model of Commitment. Using convenience sampling from online support groups, the sample was n = 138 cisgender female partners. The findings of the regression analyses indicate one's personal resilience and the number of years in the relationship prior to transition are significantly related to partner commitment, with satisfaction mediating both associations. The longer a participant was in the relationship at the time of a gender transition of a partner, the less satisfaction they report, thus reducing commitment to the relationship. Additionally the more personal resilience a partner endorses, the higher the relationship satisfaction, and in turn, more commitment is reported. The results offer information about the important factors related to staying in relationships during and after a gender transition. Resumen El presente estudio exploratorio investiga qué variables predicen el compromiso entre las mujeres cisgénero que están actualmente en una relación con una pareja identificada como transgénero. Este estudio incluye variables propias de las parejas de ambos géneros, como los años de relación, la cantidad de conocimiento previo acerca de la identidad transgénero y las creencias sobre los roles de género. También están incluidos los factores de satisfacción, la calidad de las alternativas, el tamaño de la inversión y el criterio de valoración del compromiso de las relaciones generales, según se describen en el “Modelo de inversión de compromiso” (Rusbult, 1980). Utilizando un muestreo de conveniencia de grupos de apoyo en línea, la muestra estuvo integrada por n=138 parejas de femeninas cisgénero. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión indican que la resiliencia personal individual y el número de años de relación previos a la transición están relacionados significativamente con el compromiso de la pareja, con la satisfacción como mediadora de ambas asociaciones. Cuanto más tiempo un participante estuvo en la relación al momento de una transición de género del otro integrante de la pareja, menos satisfacción informa, reduciendo así el compromiso con la relación. Además, cuanta más resiliencia personal aprueba un integrante de la pareja, mayor es la satisfacción con la relación y, a su vez, más compromiso se informa. Los resultados ofrecen información acerca de los factores importantes relacionados con la permanencia en las relaciones durante y después de una transición de género. 摘要 当前探究性研究考察了哪些变量预测和跨性别伴侣在一段恋爱关系中的顺性别女性的恋爱承诺。该研究包括性别多样化伴侣特定变量,例如恋爱关系有多少年,之前对于跨性别身份的了解,以及性别角色信念。该研究还包括承诺投入模型(Rusbult, 1980)中描述的普遍恋爱关系满意度因素,备选者质量,投入尺度以及承诺结果变量。我们使用从网上支持小组得到的便利样本,样本由138名顺性别女性伴侣组成。倒退分析发现表明个人韧性和性别转变前在关系中时间长短和伴侣承诺密切相关,而满意度调节两个关联。伴侣性别转变时参与者在关系中时间越长,所报告的满意度越低,对恋爱关系的承诺越少。此外,伴侣个人韧性越大,关系满意度越高,从而报告的承诺越多。研究结果提供了有关于性别转变中和性别转变后继续维持恋爱关系重要因素的信息。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Couples with the greatest need for relationship health maintenance and intervention are often least able to afford and access it; therefore, accessible, affordable, effective, and brief interventions are needed to improve relationship health for those who need it most. Consequently, this paper examined whether a brief relationship intervention could be effectively implemented with a low‐income, underserved population. All enrolled participants (N = 1,312) received the Relationship Checkup, which consists of an assessment and a feedback session delivered in their homes or at a local clinic at their request. Measures assessed relationship satisfaction, communication, psychological and physical aggression, and intimacy at baseline and 1‐month follow‐up, and program and relationship satisfaction at 6‐month follow‐up. All participants reported significant improvements on all outcomes with small effect sizes. However, moderation analyses suggested that distressed couples reported significantly larger effects across the board. Overall, participants reported that they were highly satisfied with the intervention both immediately after its delivery and 6 months later. Findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of this brief checkup and point to the utility of offering these kinds of low‐cost brief interventions in flexible formats for those who might have the most difficulty accessing them. Resumen Las parejas más necesitadas de mantenimiento e intervención para la salud de sus relaciones son con frecuencia las menos equipadas para costear y obtenerlos; por lo tanto, las intervenciones accesibles, asequibles, efectivas y breves son necesarias para mejorar la salud de las relaciones de aquéllos que más lo necesitan. Por consiguiente, este artículo examinó si sería posible implementar una intervención breve para relaciones con una población subatendida de bajo ingreso. Todos los participantes inscritos (N = 1312) recibieron un Control de Relación, que consiste en una evaluación y una sesión de comentarios realizadas en sus hogares o en una clínica local a petición de ellos. Las medidas evaluaron la satisfacción en la relación, comunicación, agresión psicológica y física, e intimidad en la línea de base y en un seguimiento después de un mes, así como satisfacción con el programa y con la relación en un seguimiento después de seis meses. Todos los participantes informaron mejoras sustanciales en todos los resultados con tamaños de efecto pequeños. Sin embargo, análisis de moderación sugirieron que las parejas angustiadas informaron efectos considerablemente mayores en todos los renglones. En general, los participantes informaron que estaban sumamente satisfechos con la intervención tanto inmediatamente después de realizarse como seis meses después. Los hallazgos proporcionan apoyo preliminar a la efectividad de este control breve y señalan la utilidad de ofrecer estos tipos de intervenciones breves de bajo costo en formatos flexibles para aquéllos que podrían tener mayores dificultades para obtenerlos. 摘要 最需要关系健康支持和干预的伴侣往往是最没有能力负担以及获取支持和干预的。因此,我们需要方便,便宜,有效并且简短的干预来改善最需要帮助的人们的关系健康。本文考察了一个简短的关系干预是否可以有效在低收入弱势人群中实施。所有参与者(N = 1312)都接受了关系检查。关系检查由在其家中或当地门诊进行的一项评估和一个反馈环节构成。我们评估了在基线和一个月后续追踪调查中关系满意度,沟通,心理和身体攻击性,以及亲密程度,以及项目和6个月后续追踪关系满意度。所有参与者都报告了在各个方面较小影响的显著改善。然而,节制分析表明受困扰的伴侣在各个方面报告较显著效果。总而言之,参与者报告他们对于干预的即时效果和6个月后续效果都高度满意。研究发现为该简短检查有效性提供初步支持并指出为有困难获取帮助的人群以灵活方式提供这种低成本简短干预的用处。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Couple therapy has been shown to be a meaningful way to improve couples’ relationships. However, less information is known about couples’ functioning prior to entering treatment in community settings, as well as how their relationship functioning changes from initiating therapy onward. This study examined 87 couples who began community‐based couple therapy during a longitudinal study of couples in the military. The couples were assessed six times over the course of 3 years, including time points before and after starting couple therapy. Using an interrupted‐time series design, we examined trajectories across the start of couple therapy in relationship satisfaction, divorce proneness, and negative communication. The results demonstrated that couples’ relationship satisfaction was declining and both divorce proneness and negative communication were increasing prior to entering couple therapy. After starting couple therapy, couples’ functioning on all three variables leveled off but did not show further change, but previous experience in relationship education moderated these effects. Specifically, those who were assigned to the relationship education program (vs. control) demonstrated greater reductions in divorce proneness and greater increases marital satisfaction after starting therapy; however, they also started more distressed. Se ha demostrado que la terapia de pareja es una manera valiosa de mejorar las relaciones de las parejas. Sin embargo, se cuenta con menos información acerca del funcionamiento de las parejas antes de comenzar un tratamiento en entornos comunitarios, así como acerca de la manera en que el funcionamiento de su relación cambia desde el inicio de la terapia en adelante. Este estudio analizó a 87 parejas que comenzaron terapia de pareja basada en la comunidad durante un estudio longitudinal de parejas en las fuerzas armadas. Se evaluó a las parejas seis veces durante el transcurso de tres años, incluidos momentos específicos antes y después de comenzar la terapia de pareja. Utilizando un diseño de series de tiempo interrumpido, analizamos las trayectorias a lo largo del comienzo de la terapia de pareja en la satisfacción con la relación, la propensión al divorcio y la comunicación negativa. Los resultados demostraron que la satisfacción con la relación de la pareja estaba disminuyendo y que tanto la propensión al divorcio como la comunicacióin negativa estaban aumentando antes de comenzar la terapia de pareja. Después de comenzar la terapia de pareja, el funcionamiento de las parejas en las tres variables se nivelaron pero no demostraron otros cambios, aunque la experiencia previa en capacitación en relaciones moderó estos efectos. Específicamente, los que fueron asignados al programa de capacitación en relaciones (frente al grupo de control) demostraron una mayor reducción de la propensión al divorcio y un mayor aumento de la satisfacción conyugal después de comenzar la terapia, sin embargo, también comenzaron la terapia más angustiados. 伴侣心理咨询是改善伴侣关系的一个有意义的方法。然而,关于加入到社区背景下治疗之前伴侣功能以及开始治疗后关系变化的信息相对较少。该研究考察了87对在一项军队中伴侣纵向研究中开始社区为基础心理咨询的伴侣。我们对这些伴侣在三年之中进行6次评估,包括开始伴侣心理咨询之前和之后的时间点。我们使用一个中断时间系列设计,考察了伴侣心理咨询开始关系满意度,离婚倾向,以及负面沟通方面的径迹。结果显示参见伴侣心理咨询前,伴侣关系满意度正在下降,而离婚倾向和负面沟通正在增加。开始伴侣心理咨询后,伴侣功能在三个方面都开始稳定但没有进一步变化。之前伴侣教育方面的经历会影响这些效果。特别是相对于控制着组被分到关系教育项目的伴侣在开始心理咨询后表现出离婚倾向较明显降低和婚姻满意度较大提升。然而他们一开始困扰就比较多。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - - Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 40, Issue 4, Page 619-619, November 2018.

--- - - Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 40, Issue 4, Page 463-465, November 2018.

--- - - Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 40, Issue 4, Page i-iv, November 2018.

--- - |2 This study examined characteristics of individuals that are associated with being in asymmetrically committed relationships (ACRs), defined as romantic relationships in which there was a substantial difference in the commitment levels of the partners. These ACRs were studied in a national sample of unmarried, opposite‐sex romantic relationships (N = 315 couples). Perceiving oneself as having more potential alternative partners was associated with increased odds of being the less committed partner in an ACR compared to not being in an ACR, as was being more attachment avoidant, having more prior relationship partners, and having a history of extradyadic sex during the present relationship. Additionally, having parents who never married was associated with being the less committed partner in an ACR but parental divorce was not. Although fewer characteristics were associated with being the more committed partner within an ACR, more attachment anxiety was associated with increased odds of being in such a position compared to not being in an ACR. We also address how some findings change when controlling for commitment levels. Overall, the findings advance understanding of commitment in romantic relationships, particularly when there are substantial asymmetries involved. Implications for both research on asymmetrical commitment as well as practice (e.g., therapy or relationship education) are discussed. Este estudio examinó características de individuos que se encuentran en relaciones comprometidas asimétricamente (RCA), definidas como relaciones románticas en las que hay una diferencia significativa en los niveles de compromiso de cada pareja. Estas RCA fueron estudiadas en una muestra nacional de relaciones románticas solteras con el sexo opuesto (N = 315 parejas). La autopercepción de tener más alternativas posibles de parejas se asoció a una probabilidad mayor de ser la pareja menos comprometida en una RCA en comparación con no estar en una RCA, así como de evitar más los apegos, tener más parejas previas, y tener un historial de sexo extradiádico durante la relación actual. Además, tener padres que nunca se casaron se asoció a ser la pareja menos comprometida en una RCA, pero no así el divorcio de los padres. Aunque se asociaron menos características a ser la pareja más comprometida en una RCA, se asoció más ansiedad de apego a una probabilidad mayor de encontrarse en dicha posición en comparación con no estar en una RCA. También abordamos el tema de cómo cambian algunos hallazgos al controlar niveles de compromiso. En conjunto, los hallazgos avanzan el entendimiento del compromiso en relaciones románticas, especialmente cuando incluye asimetrías significativas. Se discuten las implicaciones tanto para la investigación del compromiso asimétrico así como la práctica (p.ej. terapia o educación de relaciones). 该研究考察了处于不对等稳定关系中(ACRs)个人的特点。不对等关系定义为伴侣双方忠诚度有明显差异的恋爱关系。我们对一个从全国收集的未婚异性恋爱关系(N = 315对伴侣)进行研究。和不在ACR中相比,认为自己有更多潜在替代伴侣的人更可能成为一个ACR中忠诚度低的一方,有依恋回避,之前有更多关系伴侣以及在当前关系中有多角性关系同样会导致成为忠诚度较低的一方。此外,其父母从未结过婚和成为ACR中忠诚度较低的一方有关联,而父母离异确没有。虽然和作为ACR中忠诚度较高的个人相关联的特点较少,和不在ACR中相比,有较多依恋焦虑和处于这一位置相关。我们还讨论了这些发现如何改变何时控制忠诚程度。总而言之,这些发现增进了对于恋爱关系中忠诚度的理解,特别是当双方忠诚度有明显差异时。我们还讨论了该研究对于不对等忠诚度的研究以及实践(心理咨询或关系教育)。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Military members and their spouses (n = 223 families) were selected from an Active Duty Army installation and assessed with regard to their connections with the military community, their levels of coping with military culture demands, and their reports of individual (depression and life satisfaction) and family well‐being. Guided by the contextual model of family stress and the social organization theory of action and change, results from a structural equation model indicated that military community connections, for both military members and their civilian spouses, were related to coping with the military culture and its demands, which in turn was related to both individual and family well‐being. Unique actor and partner effects also emerged where both active duty military members' and their civilian spouses' perceptions of military community connections influenced the civilian spouses' satisfaction with military life, but only the active duty military members' community connections influenced their military‐specific coping. Additionally, the associations between military‐specific coping and individual and family well‐being only had actor effects. When examined within the context of important military culture elements, namely rank and extent of military transitions (deployment and relocation), these core findings linking communities to coping and well‐being were unchanged. Implications for theory, future research, and practice are shared. Se seleccionaron militares y sus cónyuges (n = 223 familias) de una instalación de servicio activo del ejército y se evaluaron en términos de sus conexiones con la comunidad militar, sus niveles de afrontamiento de las demandas de la cultura militar, y sus informes de bienestar individual (depresión y satisfacción de vida) y familiar. Los resultados de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, guiado por el modelo contextual de estrés familiar y la teoría de acción y cambio de organizaciones sociales, indicaron que las conexiones con la comunidad militar, tanto para militares como para sus cónyuges civiles, se asociaron al afrontamiento con la cultura militar y sus demandas, asociado a su vez al bienestar individual y familiar. Además, efectos únicos de actor y de pareja emergieron cuando las percepciones de sus conexiones con la comunidad militar tanto de militares en servicio activo como de sus cónyuges influyeron en la satisfacción del cónyuge civil con la vida militar pero sólo las conexiones con la comunidad militar de los militares en servicio activo influyeron en su propio afrontamiento específicamente militar. Por otra parte, las asociaciones entre el afrontamiento específicamente militar y el bienestar individual y familiar sólo tuvieron efectos de actor. Al examinarse dentro del contexto de elementos de cultura militar importantes, específicamente de rango y alcance de transiciones militares (despliegue y reubicación), estas relaciones de la comunidad central al afrontamiento al bienestar se mantuvieron sin cambio. Se comparten las implicaciones para la teoría, investigaciones futuras y la práctica. 我们从现役军队中选出军事人员及其配偶(n = 223个家庭)并评估了他们和军事社区的关系,对于军事文化要求的应对水平,以及报告的个人(抑郁和生活满意度)及其家庭的健康。基于家庭压力背景模型以及活动和改变社会组织理论的指导,从一个结构等式模型得出的结果显示对于军事人员以及平民配偶,军事社区联系都和对军事文化及其要求的应对相关,而应对又和个人和家庭健康相关。调查中还出现了独特的行为人和伴侣效果:现役军事人员及其平民配偶关于军事社区联系的感知只影响平民配偶关于军旅生活的满意度,而只有现役军事人员关于军事社区的感知会影响他自己军事特定应对。此外,军事特定应对和个人以及家庭健康之间的关联是有行为者效应。当置于重要军事文化因素背景中(即军衔和军事转折程度,例如部署和迁址)考察时,这些核心的社区‐应对‐健康关系并没有改变。我们还分享了该研究对理论,实践以及未来研究的影响。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Volume 44, Issue 4, Page 730-739, October 2018.

--- - - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Volume 44, Issue 4, Page 559-560, October 2018.

--- - - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Volume 44, Issue 4, Page 741-742, October 2018.

--- - - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Volume 44, Issue 4, Page 740-741, October 2018.

--- - |2 This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty‐five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent–child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent–child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and moderate but not low dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula activation during exclusion. In the context of supportive parent–child relationships, however, neural activation to exclusion predicted particularly low levels of depressive symptoms. This support for a biological sensitivity to context model suggests the possibility of redirecting adolescent girls’ neural sensitivity to social cues toward more positive adaptation. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 There is a dearth of research on delinquency, school context, and risk factors across developed and developing nations. Using representative samples and matched surveys, we examined delinquency among cohorts in Mumbai, India (N = 3,717); Victoria, Australia (N = 1,842); and Washington State (WA), United States (N = 1,828). We used multivariate Poisson hierarchical linear modeling. Risk factor and delinquency levels varied across sites. Delinquency clustered within certain schools, particularly in Mumbai. Community disorganization exhibited an association with delinquency as a school‐level context effect in Mumbai and Victoria. Peer delinquency, sensation seeking, and poor family management exhibited cross‐nationally consistent associations with delinquency. Programs that target schools, the clustering of problem behaviors, and cross‐nationally consistent risk factors should be considered internationally. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Drawing from a person‐environment fit framework, we identified profiles of youth in gay–straight alliances (GSAs) based on the extent to which they received information/resources, socializing/support, and advocacy opportunities in their GSAs and the extent to which this matched what they desired from their GSA along these three functions. Further, we examined profile differences in positive developmental competencies while accounting for community‐contextual factors. In a sample of 290 youth from 42 Massachusetts GSAs, latent profile analyses identified five subgroups. Overall, youth receiving less from their GSAs than they desired, particularly regarding opportunities for advocacy, reported lower levels of self‐reflection, bravery, civic engagement, and agency than youth who received information, socializing/support, and advocacy that matched or exceeded what they desired. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The current study utilized a sample of 183 patients, in romantic relationships, who were either pre‐ or post‐weight loss surgery (WLS), to assess (a) associations between romantic relationship factors and pre‐ and post‐surgery body mass index (BMI), (b) the positive and negative influences of obesity in romantic relationships, and (c) the influence of romantic relationship factors on BMI and the reciprocal. Correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted. Patients endorsed greater negative influence of obesity in their romantic relationships compared to positive influences, and their romantic relationship quality was predicted by several variables, including BMI, in pre‐ and post‐surgery patient groups. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The Hold Me Tight (HMT) program is a new approach to relationship education based on Emotionally‐Focused Therapy (Johnson, ), an evidence‐based approach to couple therapy. In this exploratory longitudinal research, we examined individual growth in relationship satisfaction and trust for partners in 95 couples in 16 HMT groups across four occasions of measurement: Baseline, Pre‐Program, Post‐Program and at either 3‐ or 6‐month Follow‐Up. We found that relationship satisfaction and trust increased during program participation, and declined during follow‐up. We believe our findings provide support for the short‐term effectiveness of the HMT program, and suggest a longer period of program delivery may result in improved retention of gains. Finally, we present recommendations for improving the design of future longitudinal research in relationship education. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The pathways between differentiation of self and health remain only partly elucidated. This cross‐cultural study sought to test Bowen's hypothesis about the associations between differentiation, stressful life events, and physical and psychological health, in a sample of 466 Spanish adults. Results show that people with higher levels of differentiation were less prone to physical ailments (e.g., heart disease, cancer, or blood disorders) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression or anxiety). Further, differentiation mediated the association between stress (i.e., perceived negativity of stress in the past year and number of stressful events across the lifetime) and physical and psychological health. The current research provides cross‐cultural empirical evidence for the links between differentiation and mind and body health in a Mediterranean culture. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 This study's purpose was to examine whether school‐based health centers (SBHCs) support mental health indicators among sexual minority youth (SMY). Data came from the 2015 Oregon Healthy Teens Survey with 13,608 11th graders in 137 public high schools in Oregon. Regression results revealed significant SBHC by SMY status interactions indicating relative reductions in likelihood of depressive episodes (30%), suicidal ideation (34%), and suicide attempts (43%) among SMY in schools with SBHCs. SMY students in SBHC schools reported lower likelihood of a past‐year depressive episode, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt versus those attending non‐SBHC schools. Conversely, no differences in these outcomes were observed for non‐SMY by SBHC status. SBHCs may help reduce mental health disparities among SMY, a marginalized, underserved population. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature pertaining to family dynamics in the adult self‐harming population. PsycINFO, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) were searched for studies containing two keywords, one relating to self‐harm and the second relating to a family relationship. The final search was run on 4 August 2017. The electronic search yielded a total of 2,623 studies; 119 texts were selected for full review and twenty‐seven articles were included in the analysis. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the results. Results indicated that insecure parental attachments, neglectful, overprotective, disempowering and abusive parenting were associated with self‐harm. Similarly, insecure attachments and abusive relationships with romantic partners were linked to self‐harm. Finally, self‐harm was found to be related to poor family functioning. Practitioner points Although this is an under-researched area, emerging evidence suggests that family dysfunction is associated with self-harming behaviours in adults A comprehensive family functioning assessment may help guide family interventions for adults who self-harm Interventions which focus on attachment to both caregivers and romantic partners, parenting styles experienced and abuse history may be useful for adults who self-harm 成年自残行为相关家庭因素：系统性综述 本研究旨在系统梳理成年自残人群的家庭动力的相关文献。所用文献数据库包括PsycINFO，Medline，Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)以及Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)，两个搜索关键词分别与自残和家庭关系相关。最终检索时间为2017年8月4日。从电子数据库中共检索出2623个相关研究，其中119篇被用作全面综述的基础，27篇进入最后的数据分析。结果用主题分析法进行了综合。结果显示，不安全的亲子依恋模式以及忽视型、过度保护型、打击型和虐待型父母与自残行为有相关性。同样，与恋人的不安全的依恋模式和虐待型关系也与自残行为相关。最后，研究还发现，自残行为与较差的家庭功能有关。 对实务工作者的启示 虽然该领域研究不多，但现有证据表明家庭功能失调与成年自残行为有关 一个全面的家庭功能评估工具也许可以为自残成年人的家庭干预起到指导作用 针对与照料人和恋人的依恋关系、所体验到的教养方式和虐待史的干预手段或对自残成年人有所帮助 Factores familiares asociados con autolesiones en adultos: una revisión sistemática El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente la literatura relativa a las dinámicas familiares en adultos que se autolesionan. Usando PsycINFO, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) se realizaron búsquedas de estudios que contenían dos palabras clave, una relacionada con autolesiones y la segunda relacionada con una relación familiar. La búsqueda final se hizoel 4 de agosto de 2017. La búsqueda electrónica arrojó un total de 2.623 estudios; se seleccionaron 119 textos para una revisión completa y se incluyeron veintisiete artículos en el análisis. Se usó análisis temático para sintetizar los resultados. Los resultados indicaron que los apegos parentales inseguros y la crianza negligente, sobreprotectora, desempoderadora y abusiva se asociaron con las autolesiones. Del mismo modo, el apego inseguro y las relaciones abusivas con parejas románticas estaban vinculados a la autolesión. Finalmente, se descubrió que la autolesión estaba también relacionada con un mal funcionamiento familiar. Puntos de implicación práctica Aunque esta es un área poco investigada, la evidencia emergente sugiere que la disfunción familiar está asociada con conductas autolesivas en adultos Una evaluación integral del funcionamiento familiar puede ayudar a guiar las intervenciones familiares para adultos que se autolesionan Las intervenciones que se centran en el apego tanto a los cuidadores como a las parejas románticas, en los estilos de crianza experimentados y el historial de abusos, pueden ser útiles para los adultos que se autolesionan. - Journal of Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are interpersonal sources of distress negatively correlated with physical and mental health, as well as maladaptive intimate partner conflict strategies in adulthood. Economically vulnerable racial and ethnic minorities report the greatest disparities in exposure to ACE, as well as relationship distress and health. Yet, little is known about the connections between ACE, relationship distress, and health. We therefore tested a theoretical model for the mediating role of relationship distress to explain the ACE‐health connection with a sample (N = 96) predominantly racial/ethnic minorities (87%) with low income. We applied partial least squares structural equation modeling with bootstrapping (N = 500). Relationship distress strengthened the predictive relationship between ACE and health, and accounted for 42% of the variance in health. The results provide preliminary support for relationship distress as a social determinant of health disparities with implications for interdisciplinary health intervention. Resumen Las experiencias adversas de la infancia son fuentes interpersonales de distrés correlacionadas negativamente con la salud mental y física así como con estrategias desadaptativas de conflicto con la pareja íntima en la adultez. Las minorías étnicas y raciales económicamente vulnerables informan las mayores divergencias en la exposición a experiencias adversas de la infancia, así como en el distrés en la relación y en la salud. Sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de las conexiones entre las experiencias adversas de la infancia, el distrés relacional y la salud. Por lo tanto, evaluamos un modelo teórico para el rol mediador del distrés relacional a fin de explicar la conexión entre la salud y las experiencias adversas de la infancia con una muestra (N = 96) de minorías raciales o étnicas (87%) predominantemente de bajos recursos. Aplicamos un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando regresión parcial por mínimos cuadrados con análisis de remuestreo (N = 500). El distrés relacional fortaleció la relación predictiva entre las experiencias adversas de la infancia y la salud, y justificó el 42% de la varianza en la salud. Los resultados ofrecen un respaldo preliminar del distrés de la relación como determinante social de divergencias en la salud con implicancias para una intervención interdisciplinaria en la salud. 摘要 不良童年经历(ACE)是和成年人身体精神健康以及适应不良亲密伴侣冲突策略负面相关的人际间困扰来源。经济方面弱势的少数族裔人群报告接触ACE以及关系困扰和健康方面最大的差异。我们因此测试了一个用于调解关系困扰角色的理论模型来解释ACE和健康之间关系。我们使用了一个主要由低收入少数族裔(N = 96)(87%)构成的样本。我们应用了有自举的部分平方结构登时模型(N = 500)。关系困扰增强ACE和健康之间的预测关系,并导致健康方面42%的变量。结果对关系困扰作为健康差异的一个社会决定因素提供初步支持,并对学科间健康干预有意义。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Intense negative emotions and maladaptive behavioral strategies to reduce emotional distress occur not only in patients with various forms of psychopathology but also in their committed partners. One common strategy to reduce distress is for partners to accommodate to the symptoms of the disorder, which reduces distress short term but maintains symptoms long term. Accommodation is believed to be motivated by the partner reacting behaviorally to the patient's emotions, but the emotions of the partner in this context have yet to be examined. This pilot study examined how partner accommodation related to specific patterns of emotional coregulation between patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and their partners, before and after a couple‐based intervention for BED. Vocally encoded emotional arousal was measured during couples’ (n = 11) conversations about BED. As predicted, partners’ emotional reactivity to patients’ emotional arousal was associated with high accommodation before treatment. Thus, partners may use accommodation as a strategy to reduce both the patients’ and their own distress. After treatment, partners’ arousal was no longer associated with the patients’ emotional arousal; instead, partners showed greater emotional stability over time, specifically when accommodation was low. Additionally, patients were less emotionally aroused after treatment. Therefore, treatment may have decreased overall emotionality of patients and altered the association between accommodation and partners’ emotional reactivity. If replicated, this understanding of the emotional context associated with accommodation in BED can inform couple‐based treatment by targeting specific emotional precipitants of behaviors that maintain symptoms. Resumen La emociones negativas intensas y las estrategias conductuales desadaptativas para reducir el distrés emocional se producen no solo en pacientes con varias formas de psicopatología, sino también en sus parejas estables. Una estrategia común para disminuir el distrés es que las parejas se adapten a los síntomas del trastorno, lo cual reduce el distrés a corto plazo pero mantiene los síntomas a largo plazo. Se cree que la adaptación está motivada por la reacción conductual de la pareja a las emociones del paciente, pero las emociones de la pareja en este contexto aún no se han analizado. Este estudio piloto examinó cómo la adaptación de la pareja está relacionada con patrones específicos de corregulación emocional entre los pacientes con trastorno por atracón de alimentos y sus parejas, antes y después de una intervención en la pareja por trastorno por atracón de alimentos. Se midió la excitación emocional codificada en la voz durante conversaciones de las parejas (n = 11) acerca del trastorno por atracón de alimentos. Como se anticipó, la reacción emocional de las parejas a la excitación emocional de los pacientes estuvo asociada con una alta adaptación antes del tratamiento. Por lo tanto, las parejas pueden usar la adaptación como estrategia para reducir tanto el distrés de los pacientes como el propio. Después del tratamiento, la excitación de las parejas dejó de estar asociada con la excitación emocional de los pacientes. En cambio, las parejas demostraron una mayor estabilidad emocional con el tiempo, específicamente cuando la adaptación fue baja. Además, los pacientes estuvieron menos excitados emocionalmente después del tratamiento. En consecuencia, el tratamiento pudo haber disminuido la emocionalidad general de los pacientes y modificado la asociación entre la adaptación y la reacción emocional de las parejas. Si se reproduce, esta comprensión del contexto emocional asociada con la adaptación en los trastornos por atracón de alimentos puede fundamentar el tratamiento basado en la pareja abordando precipitantes emocionales específicos de conductas que mantienen los síntomas. 摘要 强烈负面情绪和不良适应行为策略来降低情绪困扰不仅发生在各种精神病患者中间,而且发生在其稳定伴侣中间。一个常见减轻困扰的策略是伴侣适应紊乱症状,这会减轻短期困扰但长期症状维持不变。适应被认为是伴侣行为上对患者情绪反应所激发,然而在这一背景下伴侣的情绪还没有研究. 该试点研究考察了以伴侣为基础的针对过食症干预措施之前和之后伴侣适应如何与过食症患者和其伴侣情绪共同管理特定模式相关联。我们在伴侣双方(n = 11)关于过食症进行对话过程中测量了通过声音加码的情绪唤醒。和预期一样,配偶对于患者情绪唤醒和情绪反应和治疗前高度适应相关。因此,伴侣可能使用适应作为一种策略来降低患者以及自身困扰。治疗后,伴侣唤醒不再和患者情绪唤醒相关联。相反,伴侣表现出更强的长期情绪稳定性,特别是当适应较低时。此外,患者在治疗后情绪唤醒较少。因此,治疗可能会总体降低患者情绪化并改变适应和伴侣情绪反应之间的关联。如果通过复制,对于过食症适应情绪背景的这一理解可以通过针对特定维持症状行为情绪促使因素来影响伴侣为基础的治疗。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Parental control behaviors are suggested to be related to emerging adult outcomes, such as risky sexual behavior. Although parental control behaviors are more likely to be considered protective against risky sexual behavior, the relation between parental overprotection and risky sexual behavior is unclear. Furthermore, parental overprotection may influence peer selection and prosocial behaviors in emerging adults, which may in turn influence outcomes of risky sexual behavior, as suggested by primary socialization theory. Thus, the current study investigated the relations among paternal and maternal overprotection, emerging adult peer alienation, and risky sexual behavior, and expanded on these relations by examining gender effects of both parents and children. The sample consisted of 505 participants (228 males and 277 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Analyses were conducted with AMOS path analysis and indicated that peer alienation mediated the effect between both maternal and paternal perceived overprotection and risky sexual behavior, but more strongly for males, suggesting moderated mediation. Overall, parental overprotection may be protective against risky sexual behavior via pathways that are harmful such as peer alienation, thus recommending research continues to clarify the nuances of these relations. Se sugiere que las conductas de control parental están relacionadas con consecuencias en los adultos emergentes, como el comportamiento sexual riesgoso. Aunque las conductas de control parental son más propensas a considerarse protectoras del comportamiento sexual riesgoso, la relación entre la sobreprotección de los padres y el comportamiento sexual riesgoso es confusa. Además, la sobreprotección de los padres puede influir en la elección del grupo de pares y las conductas prosociales de los adultos emergentes, que a su vez pueden influir en consecuencias de comportamiento sexual riesgoso, como lo sugiere la teoría de la socialización primaria. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio investigó las relaciones entre la sobreprotección materna y paterna, la alienación de los pares del adulto emergente y el comportamiento sexual riesgoso, y amplió estas relaciones analizando los efectos del género de los padres y los niños. La muestra consistió en 505 participants (228 hombres y 277 mujeres) de entre 18 y 25 años. Los análisis se realizaron con el análisis de ruta AMOS, e indicaron que la alienación de los pares medió el efecto entre la sobreprotección materna y paterna percibidas y el comportamiento sexual riesgoso, pero más marcadamente en los hombres, lo cual sugirió una mediación moderada. En general, la sobreprotección parental puede proteger contra la conducta sexual riesgosa a través de vías que son perjudiciales, como la alienación de los pares, por lo tanto, se recomienda continuar con la investigación a fin de aclarar los matices de estas relaciones. 研究显示家长控制行为可能和初期成年人结果,例如危险性行为有关联。虽然人们一般认为家长控制行为会预防危险性行为,家长过度保护和危险性行为之间的关系并不清楚。此外,家长过度保护可能影响初期成年人有益社会的行为和同龄人选择,而主要社会化理论认为这会反过来影响危险性行为结果。因此,该当前研究考察了父亲和母亲过度保护,初期成年人同龄人之间疏离,以及危险性行为之间的关系,并通过考察家长和孩子的性别效果来扩展这些关系。样本由505名年龄在18到25岁之间的参与者(228名男性和277名女性)组成。我们用AMOS路径进行分析进行分析。结果显示同龄人疏离会调解感知到母亲和父亲过度保护以及危险性行为之间的影响,特别是对男性显示出缓和介导。总体来说,家长过度保护可能通过有害路径例如同龄人疏离来预防危险性行为,因此我们建议继续研究以阐明这些关系的细微处。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Romantic partners’ accommodation of trauma survivors’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (e.g., taking on tasks, survivors avoid participating in social withdrawal) is associated with lower relationship satisfaction for both partners and survivors. Little is known about associations of partner accommodation with other aspects of relationship functioning, like intimacy. Sixty‐four male military veterans with at least subclinical PTSD and their partners participated in a 2‐week daily diary study. Veterans completed nightly measures of PTSD symptoms, while female partners completed nightly measures of accommodating behaviors performed that day. Both partners reported feelings of intimacy each night. Multilevel models revealed that accommodation was significantly, negatively associated with feelings of intimacy, with stronger effects for partners (t = −8.70) than for veterans (t = −5.40), and stronger effects when veterans had lower (t = −7.43) rather than higher (t = −5.20) levels of daily PTSD symptoms. Therapists should consider accommodating behaviors as a potential impediment to relationship intimacy, particularly when veterans have less severe symptoms of PTSD. Accommodating behaviors are an ideal treatment target in behavioral couple therapies. La adaptación de las parejas románticas a los síntomas del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) de los sobrevivientes de traumas (p. ej.: hacerse cargo de tareas que los sobrevivientes evitan, participar en el aislamiento social) está asociada con una menor satisfacción con la relación tanto para las parejas como para los sobrevivientes. Se sabe poco acerca de las asociaciones de la adaptación de la pareja con otros aspectos del funcionamiento de la relación, como la intimidad. Sesenta y cuatro militares veteranos con al menos TEPT subclínico y sus parejas participaron en un estudio de registro diario de dos semanas. Los veteranos completaron mediciones nocturnas de los síntomas de TEPT, mientras que las parejas femeninas completaron mediciones nocturas de conductas de adaptación realizadas ese día. Ambas parejas informaron sentimientos de intimidad cada noche. Los modelos multinivel revelaron que la adaptación estuvo asociada considerablemente y negativamente con sentimientos de intimidad, con efectos más fuertes para las parejas (t = −8.70) que para los veternos (t = −5.40), y con efectos más fuertes cuando los veteranos tuvieron niveles más bajos (t = −7.43), en lugar de más altos, (t = −5.20) de síntomas diarios de TEPT. Los terapeutas deben sopesar las conductas de adaptación como un posible impedimento para la intimidad en la relación, particularmente cuando los veteranos tienen síntomas menos graves de TEPT. Las conductas de adaptación son el objetivo ideal del tratamiento en las terapias conductuales de pareja. 恋爱伴侣对于创伤幸存者创伤后压力综合症(PTSD)症状(例如做幸存者回避的工作,加入到社交退缩行为)的适应和伴侣以及幸存者双方较低的关系满意度相关。我们对于伴侣适应和其他例如亲密方面关系功能之间的关联知之甚少。64名至少还有亚临床PTSD的退役军人及其伴侣参与了一项为期2周的每日日记研究。退役军人还完成了每晚PTSD症状测量,而其女性伴侣完成每晚适应行为测量。伴侣双方报告了每晚亲密情感。多层面模型显示适应和亲密情感明显负面相关,而其对伴侣的影响(t = −8.70)大于对退役军人影响(t = −5.40),并且退役军人PTSD程度较低(t = −7.43)的情况比其较高的情况(t = −5.20) 影响更大。心理咨询师应该考虑适应行为作为关系亲密度的潜在阻碍,特别是当退役军人PTSD症状较轻的情况下。适应行为是针对行为伴侣心理咨询的一个理想治疗方法。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 We investigated the development of school and sport burnout in adolescent student‐athletes (N Time 1 = 391, N Time 2 = 373) during their first year in upper secondary school using an embedded mixed‐methods design. The questionnaire‐based data were analyzed with growth mixture modeling and four burnout profiles were identified among student‐athletes. From the found burnout profiles, two were typical for the interviewed subsample of elite athletes (n = 17), that is, burnout risk and non risk profiles. We generated rich descriptions of well‐being and ill‐being, showing that elite athletes in two burnout profiles differed in their experienced demands and resources related to individual and environmental factors. The results can be used to generate practical tools for burnout detection in student‐athletes’ educational path. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of Spanish emerging adults’ family relationships and their link with psychological well‐being and psychological distress. The sample comprised 1502 undergraduate students (903 women and 599 men) aged between 18 and 29 (M = 20.32 and SD = 2.13), recruited from two universities in Spain. A cluster analysis identified three groups of families based on the centrality of five family variables: parental involvement, parental support for autonomy, parental warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control. The three groups or clusters were labeled high‐quality family relationships (HQ), intermediate‐quality family relationships (IQ), and low‐quality family relationships (LQ). Women were overrepresented in the HQ cluster, whereas men were overrepresented in the IQ cluster. Moreover, emerging adults who perceived better family relationships (high levels of parental involvement, parental support for autonomy and parental warmth, and low levels of behavioral and psychological control) were found to have a higher level of psychological adjustment. Thus, our results indicate that family plays a key role in the psychological well‐being of emerging adults. The discussion focuses on the implications of this finding for the parent‐child relationship, and explores how it extends our knowledge about family relationships during emerging adulthood. El propósito de este estudio fue obtener una visión de conjunto de las relaciones familiares de los adultos emergentes españoles y su vínculo con el bienestar psicológico y el distrés psicológico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1502 alumnos universitarios (903 mujeres y 599 hombres) de entre 18 y 29 años (M = 20.32 y SD = 2.13), convocados de dos universidades de España. Un análisis de grupos identificó a tres grupos de familias basándose en la centralidad de cinco variables familiares: participación de los padres, fomento de la autonomía por parte de los padres, calidez de los padres, control del comportamiento y control psicológico. Los tres grupos o agrupaciones se clasificaron como relaciones familiares de alta calidad (AC), relaciones familiares de calidad intermedia (CI) y relaciones familiares de baja calidad (BC). Las mujeres estuvieron sobrerrepresentadas en el grupo de AC, mientras que los hombres estuvieron sobrerrepresentados en el grupo de CI. Además, se descubrió que los adultos emergentes que percibieron mejores relaciones familiares (niveles altos de participación de los padres, fomento de la autonomía por parte de los padres y calidez de los padres, y niveles bajos de control conductual y psicológico) tuvieron un nivel más alto de adaptación psicológica. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados indican que la familia desempeña un papel clave en el bienestar psicológico de los adultos emergentes. El debate se centra en las consecuencias que tiene este resultado para la relación entre padres e hijos, y analiza cómo amplía nuestro conocimiento acerca de las relaciones familiares durante la adultez emergente. 该研究旨在概述西班牙刚成年人家庭关系和其与心理健康以及心理困扰之间的关联.样本包括1502名从西班牙各大学招募的年龄在18到29岁之间的大学生(903名女性和599名男性)(M = 20.32 and SD = 2.13). 聚类分析确定了基于五个家庭变量中心的三组家庭:家长参与,家长支持独立,家长温暖,行为控制和心理控制。这三组或聚类被标为高质量家庭关系(HQ),中等质量家庭关系(IQ),和低质量家庭关系(LQ)。女性在HQ聚类中比例过高,而男性在IQ聚类中比例过高。此外,有较好家庭关系的刚刚成年的人(高水平家长参与,家长支持独立和家长温暖 ,以及低水平行为和心理控制)心理调适能力较强。因此,我们的研究结果显示家庭在刚成年人心理健康中扮演重要角色。我们重点讨论了该发现对于家长‐孩子关系的影响,并探讨其如何扩展将我们关于成年初期家庭关系的知识。 - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - "\n\nThis paper reports the results of our study that assessed the treatment efficacy of multiple family therapy (MFT) from the perspective of participating Chinese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and identified their subjective experiences. Forty‐three children with ADHD in the experimental group (EG) completed a forty‐two‐hour MFT, whilst forty‐five children with ADHD in the control group (CG) had attended two writing classes scheduled three months apart that were similar to those of the MFT. Data from the outcome study were gathered using standardized questionnaires and data from the qualitative study were drawn from thirteen children with ADHD who had completed the MFT and attended the focus group interviews (n = 5) or individual interviews (n = 8) conducted in the post‐treatment phase. The results of the Paired sample t‐test and MANOVA indicated no significant changes on the scores for the four measures adopted (perception of competence, hopefulness, parent‐child relationship and perceived social support) in the pre‐ and post‐treatment for the EG and the CG. Five themes emerged from the narratives of children with ADHD, which revealed the children's subjective experiences with the MFT: (a) full of fun; (b) building friendships through common experiences; (c) a happy family time; (d) safe space; and (e) positive parental responses and communications.\n\n\nPractitioner points\n\n\n\nMultiple family therapy (MFT) is acceptable to Chinese children with ADHD\n\nThe therapeutic components of an MFT are fun, developing friendship through common experiences, happy family time, safe space and positive parental responses\n\nMore outdoor activities for children with ADHD should be incorporated in the refined MFT\n\n\n\n\n抽象\n\n本研究从参与的患有多动症的中国儿童的角度评估了多重家庭治疗（MFT）的治疗效果，并认识了他们的主观经验，本文呈现了该研究的结果。实验组中的43名患有ADHD的儿童完成了42小时的MFT，而对照组中的45名患有ADHD的儿童参加了两次间隔三个月的写作课程，这些课程与MFT中的相似。结果研究的数据使用标准化问卷收集，而定性研究的数据来自13名ADHD儿童，他们完成了MFT并在治疗后阶段参加了焦点小组访谈（n = 5）或个人访谈（n = 8）。配对样本t检验和MANOVA的结果表明，实验组和控制组治疗前后的四项指标（感知能力，希望，亲子关系和感知社会支持）的得分没有显着变化。从ADHD儿童的叙述中涌现出五个主题，揭示了儿童对MFT的主观体验：（a）充满乐趣（b）通过共同经验建立友谊（c）幸福的家庭时间（d）安全空间（e）积极的父母反应和沟通。\n\n\n对实务工作者的启示\n\n\n\n中国ADHD儿童可接受多种家庭治疗（MFT）\n\n的治疗部分包括趣味性，通过共同的经历建立友谊，快乐的家庭时间，安全空间和积极的父母反应\n\n在改进版的MFT中应该纳入更多适合患有ADHD的儿童的户外活动\n\n\n\n\nAbstracto\n\nEste artículo informa de los resultados de un estudio que evaluó la eficacia del tratamiento de terapia familiar múltiple (MFT) desde la perspectiva de los niños chinos participantes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH); el estudio identificó también sus experiencias subjetivas. Cuarenta y tres niños con TDAH en el grupo experimental (GE) completaron una MFT de cuarenta y dos horas, mientras que cuarenta y cinco niños con TDAH en el grupo control (GC) asistieron a dos clases de escritura programadas con tres meses de diferencia que eran similares a las de la MFT. Los datos del estudio de resultado se obtuvieron utilizando cuestionarios estandarizados y los datos del estudio cualitativo se obtuvieron de trece niños con TDAH que completaron la MFT y asistieron a las entrevistas de grupos focales (n = 5) o entrevistas individuales (n = 8) realizadas en el fase posterior al tratamiento. Los resultados de la prueba t de muestras pareadas y MANOVA no indicaron cambios significativos en los puntajes de las cuatro medidas utilizadas (percepción de competencia, esperanza, relación entre padres e hijos y apoyo social percibido) antes y después del tratamiento para el GE y el GC. Cinco temas surgieron de las narrativas de niños con TDAH sobre sus experiencias subjetivas con la MFT: (a) mucha diversión; (b) construyeron amistades a través de experiencias comunes; (c) un tiempo familiar feliz; (d) espacio seguro; y (e) respuestas y comunicaciones positivas de los padres.\n\nPuntos de implicación práctica\n\n\n\nLa terapia familiar múltiple (MFT) es aceptable para niños chinos con TDAH\n\nLos componentes terapéuticos de la MFT son: resulta divertido, se desarrolla la amistad a través de experiencias comunes, es un tiempo familiar feliz, es un espacio seguro y ven respuestas positivas de los padres \n\nSe deben incorporar más actividades al aire libre para niños con TDAH en la MFT revisada\n\n\n\n\n" - Journal of Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Researchers studying consensual non‐monogamous relationships have traditionally used theoretical lenses that were based on heteronormative, monogamous couples’ experiences. An exception to these theoretical models was a grounded theory formed by Kimberly and Hans (2017) that explored how swinging relationships were initiated and maintained. This study further tests this theory by having 273 self‐identified swingers complete a quantitative, online measurement based on the model’s concepts and themes. Results further supported that theoretical model with two notable exceptions: participants disagreed with having high self‐esteem prior to entering the swinging lifestyle and that men (rather than women) screened potential partners. Nevertheless, therapists can use the measurement as a tool to guide dialogue with couples that are interested in or are currently participating in a non‐monogamous relationship. Practitioner points Interest in consensual non‐monogamous relationships is continuing to grow and resources on how to work with these types of relationships are limited This study produces the first known therapeutic tool that is based on information gathered from individuals currently in non‐monogamous relationships The resulting measurement can be used as a tool to guide dialogue on why clients desire an open relationship and the resources needed to maintain their primary relationship 抽象 一套评估换偶生活方式的过渡、维系和满意度的量表 研究两厢情愿的非单偶制关系的研究者传统上是使用基于异性恋中心的、一夫一妻制夫妻经历的理论视角。与这些理论模型不同的是由Kimberly和Hans（2017）建立的扎根理论，该理论探讨了如何开始和维系换偶关系。本研究进一步测试了这一理论，让273个自认的换偶者在线完成了基于该理论概念和主题的定量测量。结果进一步支持了Kimberly和Hans（2017）建立的理论模型，但有两个值得注意的例外：参与者不同意自己在进入换偶生活方式之前具有高自尊的说法，而男性（而非女性）则会筛选潜在伴侣。然而，治疗师可以使用这一量表作为工具，来引导与对非单偶制关系感兴趣或正在参与此种关系的夫妇的对话。 对实务工作者的启示 对两厢情愿的非单偶制关系的兴趣不断增长，而关于如何处理这些类型的关系的资源却有限 本研究创立了第一个基于从目前处于非单偶制关系的个人收集的信息的已知治疗工具 所得出的量表可用作工具，以指导关于来访者希望建立开放关系的原因以及维持其首要关系所需资源的对话 Abstracto Una medida para evaluar la transición, el mantenimiento y la satisfacción en el estilo de vida con relaciones no monógamas acordadas. Los investigadores que estudian las relaciones consensuadas no monógamas han utilizado tradicionalmente lentes teóricas basadas ​​en experiencias hetero‐normativas de parejas monógamas. Una excepción a estos modelos teóricos fue una teoría planteada por Kimberly y Hans (2017) que exploraron cómo se iniciaron y mantuvieron este tipo de relaciones. El presente estudio añade confirmación a dicha teoría mediante un cuestionario on‐line a 273 personas auto‐identificadas como seguidoras de una relación abierta. Los resultados respaldaron aún más el modelo teórico plantado por Kimberly y Hans (2017) con dos excepciones notables: los participantes no mostraron tener una alta autoestima antes de ingresar al estilo de vida no‐monógamo y los hombres (en lugar de las mujeres) seleccionaban parejas potenciales. Sin embargo, los terapeutas pueden usar la medida como una herramienta para guiar el diálogo con parejas que están interesadas o que actualmente están participando en una relación no monogámica. Puntos de implicación práctica El interés en las relaciones consensuadas no monógamas continúa creciendo y los recursos sobre cómo trabajar con este tipo de relaciones son limitados Este estudio ofrece la primera herramienta terapéutica conocida que se basa en información recopilada de personas que actualmente están en relaciones no monógamas La medida resultante de este estudio se puede utilizar como una herramienta para guiar el diálogo sobre por qué los clientes desean una relación abierta y los recursos necesarios para mantener su relación primaria. - Journal of Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Family functioning is predictive of youth recidivism in Singapore. However, there is a lack of family based interventions for youth offenders on community probation. Evidence‐based family interventions developed in Western populations, such as Functional Family Therapy (FFT), have been found to be effective in mitigating subsequent youth criminal behavior. However, no study has examined whether such interventions can be implemented and adapted for use in Eastern cultures. Thus, this paper sought to detail the implementation of FFT in Singapore. Rationale for the adoption of FFT is discussed, and key activities undertaken during the first 18 months of implementation are described. Preliminary data suggest that initial implementation efforts were successful. Challenges encountered, and implications in relation to the broader literature are discussed. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - - Journal of Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 We examined whether time together as a problem mediates the link between frequency of video game use and relational outcomes (relationship quality, relational aggression, physical aggression) among 431 married couples. We also examined the moderating effect of couple attachment behaviors on the association between time together as a problem and outcomes. There was no support for a direct or indirect relationship between gaming and outcomes; however, time together as a problem was consistently related to outcomes. Additionally, husband's and wife's attachment behaviors moderated the association between women's reports of time together as a problem and men's relational aggression. Clinical implications are discussed. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - - Family Process, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 589-593, September 2018.

--- - - Family Process, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 587-588, September 2018.

--- - |2 We contend that the field of family therapy is undergoing a notable shift from second‐ to third‐order thinking. We offer theoretical support and examples to demonstrate how third‐order thinking provides a framework for integrating heightened sociocultural attunement into family therapy practice. We discuss the importance of third‐order thinking relative to being prepared to invite families into third‐order change. Finally, we offer a case example to show specific guidelines for third‐order practice. Afirmamos que el ámbito de la terapia familiar está sufriendo un cambio notable porque está pasando del pensamiento de segundo orden al pensamiento de tercer orden. Ofrecemos respaldo teórico y ejemplos para demostrar cómo el pensamiento de tercer oden ofrece un marco para integrar una mayor sensibilización sociocultural en la práctica de la terapia familiar. Debatimos la importancia del pensamiento de tercer orden relativa a estar preparados para invitar a las familias al cambio hacia el tercer orden. Finalmente, ofrecemos el ejemplo de un caso para mostrar pautas específicas sobre la práctica del tercer orden. 我们认为家庭心理治疗这一领域正在经历一个从第二种到第三种思考的显著转折。我们提出理论支持和例子来证明第三种思考如何为将进一步社会文化调适整合入家庭心理治疗提供框架。我们还讨论了第三种思考相对于将家庭引入引入第三种改变的重要性。最后,我们提供了一个案例来表明第三种实践的特定指南. - Family Process, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Bayesian methods incorporate model parameter information prior to data collection. Eliciting information from content experts is an option, but has seen little implementation in Bayesian item response theory (IRT) modeling. This study aims to use ethical reasoning content experts to elicit prior information and incorporate this information into Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation. A six‐step elicitation approach is followed, with relevant details at each stage for two IRT items parameters: difficulty and guessing. Results indicate that using content experts is the preferred approach, rather than noninformative priors, for both parameter types. The use of a noninformative prior for small samples provided dramatically different results when compared to results from content expert–elicited priors. The WAMBS (When to worry and how to Avoid the Misuse of Bayesian Statistics) checklist is used to aid in comparisons. - Journal of Educational Measurement, Volume 55, Issue 3, Page 373-402, Fall 2018.

--- - |2 Abstract This study investigates the effect of multidimensionality on extraction of latent classes in mixture Rasch models. In this study, two‐dimensional data were generated under varying conditions. The two‐dimensional data sets were analyzed with one‐ to five‐class mixture Rasch models. Results of the simulation study indicate the mixture Rasch model tended to extract more latent classes than the number of dimensions simulated, particularly when the multidimensional structure of the data was more complex. In addition, the number of extracted latent classes decreased as the dimensions were more highly correlated regardless of multidimensional structure. An analysis of the empirical multidimensional data also shows that the number of latent classes extracted by the mixture Rasch model is larger than the number of dimensions measured by the test. - Journal of Educational Measurement, Volume 55, Issue 3, Page 403-420, Fall 2018.

--- - |2 Abstract Person reliability parameters (PRPs) model temporary changes in individuals’ attribute level perceptions when responding to self‐report items (higher levels of PRPs represent less fluctuation). PRPs could be useful in measuring careless responding and traitedness. However, it is unclear how well current procedures for estimating PRPs can recover parameter estimates. This study assesses these procedures in terms of mean error (ME), average absolute difference (AAD), and reliability using simulated data with known values. Several prior distributions for PRPs were compared across a number of conditions. Overall, our results revealed little differences between using the χ or lognormal distributions as priors for estimated PRPs. Both distributions produced estimates with reasonable levels of ME; however, the AAD of the estimates was high. AAD did improve slightly as the number of items increased, suggesting that increasing the number of items would ameliorate this problem. Similarly, a larger number of items were necessary to produce reasonable levels of reliability. Based on our results, several conclusions are drawn and implications for future research are discussed. - Journal of Educational Measurement, Volume 55, Issue 3, Page 421-432, Fall 2018.

--- - |2 Abstract This research derived information functions and proposed new scalar information indices to examine the quality of multidimensional forced choice (MFC) items based on the RANK model. We also explored how GGUM‐RANK information, latent trait recovery, and reliability varied across three MFC formats: pairs (two response alternatives), triplets (three alternatives), and tetrads (four alternatives). As expected, tetrad and triplet measures provided substantially more information than pairs, and MFC items composed of statements with high discrimination parameters were most informative. The methods and findings of this study will help practitioners to construct better MFC items, make informed projections about reliability with different MFC formats, and facilitate the development of MFC triplet‐ and tetrad‐based computerized adaptive tests. - Journal of Educational Measurement, Volume 55, Issue 3, Page 357-372, Fall 2018.

--- - - Journal of Educational Measurement, Volume 55, Issue 3, Page 355-356, Fall 2018.

--- - |2 Traumatic experiences within and outside the family of origin in childhood may disrupt couple functioning later in life. Using a sample of 3,958 couples assessed through the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (RELATE), an actor–partner independence model was fit to test direct and indirect associations between negative impact from one's family of origin (accounting for physical violence and sexual abuse) and resources in couple relationships. Resources were defined using intervention principles derived from the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Actor and partner effects suggested negative family impact associates with relationship instability and is mediated through negative couple communication. Actor effects suggested negative family impact associates with less calmness in one's self and is also mediated through negative couple communication. - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, EarlyView.

--- - |2 During adolescence, youth become more likely to avoid involvement in witnessed bullying and less likely to support victims. It is unknown whether—and how—these bystander behaviors (i.e., outsider behavior and indirect defending) are associated with adolescents' peer‐group status (i.e., popularity and social acceptance) over time. Cross‐lagged path modeling was used to examine these longitudinal associations in a sample of 313 Dutch adolescents (Mage‐T1 = 10.3 years). The results showed that status longitudinally predicted behavior, rather than that behavior predicted status. Specifically, unpopularity predicted outsider behavior and social acceptance predicted indirect defending. These findings suggest that a positive peer‐group status can trigger adolescents' provictim stance. However, adolescents may also strategically avoid involvement in witnessed bullying to keep a low social profile. - Journal of Research on Adolescence, EarlyView.